The interactions and interdependence between nomads and agriculturalists are an important topic of world history, but our knowledge of the phenomenon is very much hindered by a dearth of information on nomads, especially their early history, as they left few literary sources and often very shallow archaeological remains for historians to explore. Luckily, sedentary societies sometimes provide information about them. Furthermore, archaeology can provide us several hints of this interaction thanks to the support of studies about ancient environment. Today the author will analyse the archaeological, epigraphic, climatic, and   geographical   aspects  of  the  area  between Southern Syria and Northern Jordan during the Roman and Late Roman period. The principal goal is to find proofs of the relationships between (semi-)nomads and sedentary peoples and to analyse their nature. Were they conflictual or peaceful? Through the analysis of the palaeoenvironmental context, of the human impact on the area, and of Roman and Byzantine policies, Paolo Cimadomo will try to provide an answer.